Boom and Bust in the Gulag and Queen Kamalata Olives

Iran (Persian: ایران‎ Irān[ʔiːˈɾɒːn] (listen)), also called Persia,^[11] and officially the Islamic Republic of Iran,^[a] is a country in Western Asia. It is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and Azerbaijan,^[b] to the north by the Caspian Sea, to the northeast by Turkmenistan, to the east by Afghanistan, to the southeast by Pakistan, to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, and to the west by Turkey and Iraq. Iran covers an area of 1,648,195 km² (636,372 sq mi), with a population of 83 million. It is the second-largest country in the Middle East, and its capital and largest city is Tehran.

9 – Wikipedia contributors. (2021, September 7). Iran. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 20:52, September 8, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iran&oldid=1042986399 * ” Iran (Persian: ایران‎ Irān[ʔiːˈɾɒːn] (listen)), also called Persia,^[11] and officially the Islamic Republic of Iran,^[a] is a country in Western Asia. “

By Malamant~commonswiki assumed (based on copyright claims). – Own work assumed (based on copyright claims)., Public Domain

Older NOTES

1 – link to https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep13942.8, Judge, Sean M. The Russo–German War, 1941–45. Air University Press, 2009, pp. 11–54, “Who Has the Puck?”: Strategic Initiative in Modern, Conventional War, www.jstor.org/stable/resrep13942.8. Accessed 4 Sept. 2021. * “The halt of the German advance in 1941 marks the end of the first phase of the war.”

2 – link to https://www.glscott.org/uploads/2/1/3/3/21330938/soviet-german-war_1941-45.pdf, – by David M. Glantz,

3 – link to Wikipedia contributors. (2021, July 26). David Glantz. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 17:34, September 4, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David_Glantz&oldid=1035513029

4 – link to Wikipedia contributors. (2021, September 4). Wehrmacht. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 17:42, September 4, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wehrmacht&oldid=1042312806 * “After the Nazi rise to power in 1933, one of Adolf Hitler‘s most overt and audacious moves was to establish the Wehrmacht, a modern offensively-capable armed force, fulfilling the Nazi régime’s long-term goals of regaining lost territory as well as gaining new territory and dominating its neighbours. “

5 – Daniel Yergin, The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money & Power, Free Press -a division of Simon & Schuster, Inc., copyright 2009, ISBN: 978-1-4391-1012-6 * “[…] the present battle over oil […] from the drilling of the first well in Pennsylvania through two great world wars […] Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, Operation Desert Storm […] Iraq War […]” – from the back cover. * “By September 1st., 1939, when Germany invaded Poland, starting the Second World War in Europe, fourteen hydrogenation plants were in full operation, with six more under construction.” – pg. 316 (Eventually output increased to 72,000 barrels / day. Or 46% of oil supply) “Without […synthetic fuel…] the Luftwaffe could not have taken to the air.”

6 – link to Wikipedia contributors. (2021, August 22). Operation Barbarossa. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 18:13, September 4, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation_Barbarossa&oldid=1040119878 * “The operation put into action Nazi Germany’s ideological goal of conquering the western Soviet Union so as to repopulate it with Germans.” *

7 – link to Wikipedia contributors. (2021, September 4). Georgy Zhukov. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 13:36, September 5, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Georgy_Zhukov&oldid=1042294487

8 – link to https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7249/j.ctt1287m9t.14, “Hitler’s Decision to Invade the USSR, 1941.” Blinders, Blunders, and Wars: What America and China Can Learn, by David C. Gompert et al., RAND Corporation, 2014, pp. 81–92. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/10.7249/j.ctt1287m9t.14. Accessed 5 Sept. 2021.

9 – link to https://www.jstor.org/stable/2594114, “Back Matter.” The Economic History Review, vol. 24, no. 3, 1971. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/2594114. Accessed 5 Sept. 2021.

10 – link to https://www.jstor.org/stable/2595019, Overy, R. J. “Hitler’s War and the German Economy: A Reinterpretation.” The Economic History Review, vol. 35, no. 2, 1982, pp. 272–291. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/2595019. Accessed 5 Sept. 2021.

11 – link to https://www.jstor.org/stable/232411, Stranges, Anthony N. “Friedrich Bergius and the Rise of the German Synthetic Fuel Industry.” Isis, vol. 75, no. 4, 1984, pp. 643–667. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/232411. Accessed 6 Sept. 2021. * “German scientist and engineers began to replace coal with smokeless liquid fuels, which not only were cleaner burning and more convenient to handle but also had a higher energy content.” – pg. 643 – This was in response to Germany’s changing energy requirements in the 20th century. – The German scientists and engineers began sythesizing petroleum from coal.

12 – Wikipedia contributors. (2021, July 12). Friedrich Bergius. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 16:01, September 6, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_Bergius&oldid=1033214800 – * “Friedrich Karl Rudolf Bergius (German pronunciation: [ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈbɛʁɡi̯ʊs] (listen), 11 October 1884 – 30 March 1949) was a Germanchemist known for the Bergius process for producing synthetic fuel from coal, Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1931, together with Carl Bosch) in recognition of contributions to the invention and development of chemical high-pressure methods.”

13 – link to https://www.jstor.org/stable/3105617?seq=1#references_tab_contents, From Birmingham to Billingham: High-Pressure Coal Hydrogenation in Great Britain, Anthony N. Stranges * “Friedrich Bergius’s successful conversion of coal to petroleum sent waves of enthusiasm through the industrial world of the 1920s.”

14 – Wikipedia contributors. (2021, September 6). Luftwaffe. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 16:42, September 6, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Luftwaffe&oldid=1042728539

15 – Wikipedia contributors. (2021, August 23). Marcellin Berthelot. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 16:46, September 6, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marcellin_Berthelot&oldid=1040304483

16 – link to https://www.jstor.org/stable/24811673, Rogers, Douglas. “Oil and Anthropology.” Annual Review of Anthropology, vol. 44, 2015, pp. 365–380., www.jstor.org/stable/24811673. Accessed 6 Sept. 2021. * From the abstract: “[…] two analytic issues have emerged as topics of special interest: temporality and materiality. The former includes the ways in which the oil complex shapes senses of cyclical boom and bust, of acceleration and deceleration, and of past, present, and future. The latter includes the ways in which humans encounter, transform, and represent various qualities and properties of oil as a substance.” *. […] Anthrpological interest in energy […]”*

17 – Global Peak-Oil is referred to as a “tipping point” in: The Long Emergency, – by James Howard Kunstler, Grove Press, ISBN: 0-8021-4249-4, pg. 65. Industrial civilization, as it is “currently configured” without “[…] the world’s most critical resource.” – pg. 64 – Surviving the End of Oil, Climate Change, and Other Converging Catastrophes of the Twenty-First Century “[…] the world is faced by the dangerous posturing and maneuverings of nations around the control and possession of oil.” – pg 61

18 – link to https://www.jstor.org/stable/43698156, Weinbaum, Marvin G., and Abdullah B. Khurram. “Pakistan and Saudi Arabia: Deference, Dependence, and Deterrence.” Middle East Journal, vol. 68, no. 2, 2014, pp. 211–228., www.jstor.org/stable/43698156. Accessed 6 Sept. 2021. * “Nuclear-armed Pakistan, the home of the second largest Muslim population, commands attention across the region. It also presents itself to neighbors and others as an economically needy and politically volatile country, beset by the forces of extremism.” – pg 211

19 – link to https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep11676, Zuhur, Sherifa. SAUDI ARABIA: ISLAMIC THREAT, POLITICAL REFORM, AND THE GLOBAL WAR ON TERROR. Strategic Studies Institute, US Army War College, 2005, www.jstor.org/stable/resrep11676. Accessed 6 Sept. 2021.

20 – link to https://www.jstor.org/stable/43680983, “FROM CAIRO TO KABUL: Oil, Islam, Israel—and Instability.” Great Decisions, 1981, pp. 13–22. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/43680983. Accessed 6 Sept. 2021. * “Iran’s revolution, the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan, the uncertain future of the Palestinian autonomy negotiations, the war between Iraq and Iran […]” pg 13.

21 – Wikipedia contributors. (2021, September 4). Kurdistan. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 19:21, September 6, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kurdistan&oldid=1042368278

22 – Wikipedia contributors. (2021, September 2). Soviet–Afghan War. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 19:25, September 6, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War&oldid=1042027771

23 – Rickard, D. (2016). Sex Offenders, Stigma, and Social Control. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.

24 – Wikipedia contributors. (2021, August 23). Leprosy. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 04:00, September 7, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leprosy&oldid=1040253885

NOTES

1 – Wikipedia contributors. (2021, August 9). Father Damien. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 04:06, September 8, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Father_Damien&oldid=1037864543

2 – Wikipedia contributors. (2021, August 11). Kalaupapa, Hawaii. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 04:08, September 8, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kalaupapa,_Hawaii&oldid=1038285236

3 – Wikipedia contributors. (2020, August 25). Molokai: The Story of Father Damien. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 04:10, September 8, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Molokai:_The_Story_of_Father_Damien&oldid=974908769

4 – link to https://www.jstor.org/stable/127227, Russia and the Bolshevik Revolution, John D. Basil, The Russian Review, Vol. 27, No. 1 (Jan., 1968), pp. 42-53 (12 pages)

5 – link to https://www.jstor.org/stable/2492162, The Fate of Capitalism in Russia: The Narodnik Version, Theodore H. von Laue, The American Slavic and East European Review Vol. 13, No. 1 (Feb., 1954), pp. 11-28 (18 pages) * “With the ascendancy of the powerful Minister of Finance Sergei Witte economic questions […] moved […] into the limelight of Russian domestic politics. […] the very complexion of Russian intellectual and spiritual life changed.” And “[…] material interests pervaded Russia […]”

6 – link to https://www.jstor.org/stable/24665358, The Ironic Triumph of Old Bolshevism: The Debates of April 1917 in Context, Lars T. LihRussian HistoryVol. 38, No. 2 (2011), pp. 199-242 (44 pages) * “Democratic revolution to the end.” –

7 – link to The Peasant in nineteenth-century Russia, Publication date 1968 Topics Peasants — Russia — History — 19th century, Paysannerie — Russie, Peasants, Rural conditions, Boeren, Russia — Rural conditions, Russie — Conditions rurales, RussiaPublisher Stanford, Calif., Stanford University PressCollection inlibrary; printdisabled; internetarchivebooksDigitizing sponsor The Arcadia FundContributor Internet ArchiveLanguage Englishxx, 314 pages 24 cm – “Papers … from a conference on ‘The Russian peasant in the nineteenth century, ‘ sponsored by the Faculty Seminar on East European Studies at Stanford University and held on December 2-3, 1966.” – Bibliographical references included in “Notes” (p. [287]-307)

The peasant way of life, by M. Matossian. — The peasant and the emancipation, by T. Emmons. — The peasant and religion, by D.W. Treadgold. — The peasant and the army, by J.S. Curtiss. — The peasant and the village commune, by F.M. Watters. — The peasant and the factory, by R.E. Zelnik. — The peasant in nineteenth-century historiography, by M.B. Petrovich. — The peasant in literature, by D. Fanger. — Afterword: The problem of the peasant, by N.V. RiasanovskyAccess-restricted-item trueAddeddate 2020-09-23 17:02:36Associated-names Vucinich, Wayne S., editor; Curtiss, John Shelton, 1899-1983; Stanford University Boxid IA1941322Camera USB PTP Class CameraCollection_set printdisabled External-identifier urn:oclc:record:1200569697 Foldoutcount 0Identifier peasantinninetee0000unseIdentifier-ark ark:/13960/t0ps7508hInvoice 1652Isbn 0804706387
9780804706384
0804706379
9780804706377 * “Russia was the last European country in which serfdom was abolished.” pg. (xiii) *

8 – link to https://www.marxists.org/archive/krupskaya/works/rol/rol14.htm – Krupskaya’s “Reminiscences of Lenin” – Paris 1909-1910 – marxists dot org archive krupskaya works rol rol14 DOT htm

9 – Wikipedia contributors. (2021, September 7). Iran. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 20:52, September 8, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iran&oldid=1042986399 * ” Iran (Persian: ایران‎ Irān[ʔiːˈɾɒːn] (listen)), also called Persia,^[11] and officially the Islamic Republic of Iran,^[a] is a country in Western Asia. “

10 – Wikipedia contributors. (2021, September 3). Iranian peoples. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 20:57, September 8, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iranian_peoples&oldid=1042179383

11 – Wikipedia contributors. (2021, August 14). Nadezhda Krupskaya. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 14:52, September 9, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nadezhda_Krupskaya&oldid=1038820319

12 – Wikipedia contributors. (2021, May 22). Kamal-ol-molk. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 15:02, September 9, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kamal-ol-molk&oldid=1024425830

13 – link to regent DOT edu – news regent university remembers 911

14 – link to the epoch times DOT com – Larry Elder responds to Venice Beach walk through assault vows to save California

15 – link to human events DOT com – link to human events DOT com – 2021/09/09 biden to require all federal employees contractors to be vaccinated * * link to human events DOT com 2021/09/09 exclusive – gavin newsom opposed vaccine mandates in 2019 meeting with rfk jr