“The Covid-Hoax is Just the Gateway Drug.”
The gateway drug effect (alternatively, stepping-stone theory, escalation hypothesis, or progression hypothesis) is a comprehensive catchphrase for the often observed effect that the use of a psychoactive substance is coupled to an increased probability of the use of further substances.
Wikipedia contributors. (2021, October 9). Gateway drug effect. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 17:40, December 28, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gateway_drug_effect&oldid=1049035902
ABSTRACT: Substance Abuse and Crime
Criminologists believe that the certain and swift imposition of a mild punishment has a greater deterrent effect than the remote and indefinite application of a severe punishment. Judges in South Dakota and Hawaii independently put that theory to the test and created innovative strategies to deal with substance abuse and crime. Those programs—the 24/7 Sobriety program in South Dakota and Hawaii’s Opportunity Probation with Enforcement—subject probationers to a rigorous alcohol or drug testing regimen backed up by a guaranteed and immediate but modest sentence of confinement for everyone who tests positive. Those programs have proved to be sensible, humane, and effective mechanisms for dealing with substance abuse and crime. A few other states have adopted similar regimens, but most have not. The latter jurisdictions should consider creating their own programs based on the South Dakota and Hawaii models.
LARKIN, PAUL J. “SWIFT, CERTAIN, AND FAIR PUNISHMENT: 24/7 SOBRIETY AND HOPE: CREATIVE APPROACHES TO ALCOHOL- AND ILLICIT DRUG-USING OFFENDERS.” The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (1973-), vol. 105, no. 1, [Northwestern University, Northwestern University School of Law], 2015, pp. 39–94, http://www.jstor.org/stable/26402440. – link
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About Today’s Other Featured Image
By Mark Stewart – link – Public Domain
By Chad J. McNeeley – link – http://www.defense.gov/PhotoEssays/PhotoEssayImage.aspx?id=3093&name=Mullen,%20Cartwright%20Confirmation%20Hearing, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=3408496
NOTES
LARKIN, PAUL J. “SWIFT, CERTAIN, AND FAIR PUNISHMENT: 24/7 SOBRIETY AND HOPE: CREATIVE APPROACHES TO ALCOHOL- AND ILLICIT DRUG-USING OFFENDERS.” The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (1973-), vol. 105, no. 1, [Northwestern University, Northwestern University School of Law], 2015, pp. 39–94, http://www.jstor.org/stable/26402440. – link
Wikipedia contributors. (2021, October 9). Gateway drug effect. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 17:40, December 28, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gateway_drug_effect&oldid=1049035902
Wikipedia contributors. (2021, November 21). Nikolai Bukharin. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 17:32, December 28, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nikolai_Bukharin&oldid=1056323312
Bean, Jonathan J. “Nikolai Bukharin and the New Economic Policy: A Middle Way?” The Independent Review, vol. 2, no. 1, Independent Institute, 1997, pp. 79–97, http://www.jstor.org/stable/24560839. – link
Daniels, Robert V. “The Soviet Succession: Lenin and Stalin.” The Russian Review, vol. 12, no. 3, [Wiley, Editors and Board of Trustees of the Russian Review], 1953, pp. 153–72, https://doi.org/10.2307/125599. – link
McNeal, R. H. “A LETTER FROM TROTSKY TO KRUPSKAYA, 17 MAY 1927.” International Review of Social History, vol. 18, no. 1, Cambridge University Press, 1973, pp. 111–19, http://www.jstor.org/stable/44583714. – https://www.jstor.org/stable/44583714 – link
Reiman, Michael. “Introduction.” About Russia, Its Revolutions, Its Development and Its Present, Peter Lang AG, 2016, pp. 7–12, http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv2t4dn7.3. – link
Wikipedia contributors. (2021, June 1). Eastern Theater of the American Civil War. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 05:09, December 27, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Theater_of_the_American_Civil_War&oldid=1026269254
Wikipedia contributors. (2021, December 27). Xi Jinping. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 22:31, December 27, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Xi_Jinping&oldid=1062319047
Wikipedia contributors. (2021, December 22). Gab (social network). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 05:03, December 28, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gab_(social_network)&oldid=1061520872
Spanish-Language Notes
La ciudad y los perros. (2021, 23 de diciembre). Wikipedia, La enciclopedia libre. Fecha de consulta: 15:23, diciembre 28, 2021 desde https://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=La_ciudad_y_los_perros&oldid=140513288.
